‘C’ is a general purpose Procedural programming language.
In contrast with BCPL and B, C provides a variety of data types. The fundamental data types are characters, and integers and floating point numbers of several sizes. Besides, there is a hierarchy of derived data types created with pointers, arrays, structures and unions. Expressions are formed through a legal combination of operators and operands. Any expression, including an assignment or a function call, can be a statement. Pointers provide for machine-independent address arithmetic.
Functions may have return values of various data types, structures, unions, or pointers. Any may be a recursive function. Local variables are typically generated with every invocation of the function. The functions of a C program may exist in separate source files that are compiled separately. Variables may be internal to a function, external but known only within a single source file, or visible to the entire program.
An important step is to perform macro substitution on program text, include other source files, and conditional compilation.
C is a relatively ``low-level'' language. There are no operations to deal directly with composite objects such as character strings, sets, lists or arrays, no operations that manipulate an entire array or string, although structures may be copied as a unit. The language does not define any storage allocation facility other than static definition. Finally, C itself provides no input/output facilities and no built-in file access methods. All of these higher-level mechanisms must be provided by explicitly called functions.
In 1983, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) established a committee to provide a modern, comprehensive definition of C. The resulting definition, the ANSI standard, or ``ANSI C'', was completed in late 1988. Most of the features of the standard are already supported by modern compilers.
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